About Romania

Overview

Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeast Europe, bordered by the Black Sea to the southeast, Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, Serbia to the southwest, and Moldova to the east. With a population of approximately 19 million and a land area of 238,400 km², Romania is the 12th-largest country in Europe.

Geography & Location

Romania's strategic location makes it a gateway between Western Europe and the Black Sea region. Key geographic features include:

• Carpathian Mountains: Dominating the center of the country, offering natural resources and tourism opportunities
• Danube River: Forms much of the southern border, providing crucial waterway access
• Black Sea Coast: 245 km coastline including the Port of Constanța, Europe's 4th largest port
• Transylvania Region: Central plateau known for cultural heritage and natural beauty

Government & Politics

Romania is a semi-presidential republic with a democratically elected government. The political system consists of:

• President: Head of state, elected for 5-year terms
• Prime Minister: Head of government, appointed by the President
• Parliament: Bicameral legislature with Chamber of Deputies and Senate
• EU Member: Joined the European Union on January 1, 2007
• NATO Member: Member since March 29, 2004

Economy

Romania has a high-income mixed economy with significant sectors in:

• GDP: €301.3 billion (2023), making it the 7th-largest economy in the EU
• Manufacturing: Automotive, aerospace, machinery, and electronics
• Agriculture: 6th-largest arable land in EU, major grain and oilseed producer
• IT & Services: Rapidly growing technology sector with 200,000+ IT professionals
• Energy: Nuclear power, natural gas, and expanding renewable capacity

Culture & Heritage

Romania has a rich cultural heritage blending Latin, Slavic, and Byzantine influences:

• Romanian language: Latin-based Romance language
• UNESCO World Heritage Sites: 8 sites including painted monasteries and historic villages
• Orthodox Christianity: Predominant religion with architectural and cultural significance
• Traditional arts: Folk music, dance, crafts, and festivals